Aaron Swartz: The Chronic Procrastinator Who got better at Productivity

“Brilliant programmer and activist Aaron Swartz co-created RSS and Reddit, fighting for open access to information, and was the inspiration/memorialized figure in Aaron’s Law, the anti-hacking law,” he added. Although constantly combating a chronic tendency to procrastinate and doubt himself, his brilliance transformed technology and challenged digital rights. Swartz’s story shows that even the deepest inner conflict can result in extraordinary creativity and global impact.”

In Image: Aaron Swartz reading a Book


Many people in technology and activism circles are familiar with Aaron Swartz and his work on Reddit, RSS and open access. Underneath these successes, however, procrastination continued to be a bane. This book illustrates how Swartz’s singular mind vanquished distraction and self-doubt while simultaneously transforming the way we engage with information and technology. This story shows how, despite all his struggles, a “chronic procrastinator” found a way to change creativity and productivity.

Aaron Swartz

In Image: Aaron Swartz was a co-creator of RSS, which revolutionized the way content is delivered online.


Born in 1986, Swartz was incredibly intelligent from a very young age. He was building bleeding edge web systems at age 12. His early attempts included “The Info Network,” which was a precursor to Wikipedia. Swartz was beyond bright, even as a boy, but he was often lazy. With Swartz’s notebooks now available to the public, it’s apparent that he frequently lamented time wasted. But his procrastination didn’t hold him back; it was linked instead with bursts of significant productive time. This contradiction became an enduring motif during his lifetime.

Aaron Swartz

In Image: Aaron’s Important Words for Others


At only fourteen years old, Swartz helped to make the RSS feed format that is one of his major contributions to the digital world. Really Simple Syndication (RSS) revolutionized the spread of information on the internet, making it easy for consumers to receive updates from websites. But hiding behind that achievement was a young Swartz grappling with occasional fits of exuberance and preoccupation.

Though his work was revolutionary, he admitted in interviews that there were often long stretches of avoidance and delay in the working process. What distinguished him, as he would tell you, was his talent for taking the pressure of a looming deadline and making it work to his advantage; he often submitted very good work at the 11th hour.

The evidence is sufficient to support Swartz helping co-found the site Reddit. With Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman he co-founded what would become one of the most influential online platforms of its time. But Reddit’s ascendance to prominence was no simple accomplishment. Long, distracted moments were followed by short, hyper-focused moments — the contributions of Swartz. He described how, at times, he would get bogged down in futile internet byways or paralyzed by self-doubt. Even so, the user-friendly nature of Reddit as well as its community-based approach is very much a product of his willingness and ability to pivot quickly and create new ideas.

Aaron Swartz

In Image: He played a key role in developing Reddit, one of the most popular social media platforms.


Procrastination was not just a hurdle but also a muse to Swartz. He frequently used digressions to explore strange ideas, many of which he later incorporated into his creative work. Because he trusted the transformative power of inquiry, Swartz allowed his mind to wander, certain that new ideas and insights would eventually surface. He frequently wrote about the importance of “productive procrastination” in his blog posts, which meant that delaying work on one assignment could produce ideas for another. This non-standard work method flips the script on procrastination as a bad work behavior.

One of most impactful chapters for Swartz is his internet activism. He advocated for open access issues and was a prominent figure in repealing SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act). This battle showed that, in high-stakes settings, his procrastination may result in action. Where Swartz perceived an existential threat to the freedom of the internet he transcended his procrastinatory nature and propelled himself into furious action. The biggest online protest in history is proof of Swartz’s capacity to turn his agitation to exceptional effect in his work.

Self-doubt is one of the underlying psychological issues which procrastination is often linked, and Swartz certainly knew about this. Despite accomplishments, he struggled with impostor syndrome and feelings of inadequacy. He also spoke honestly about his fears that his work was not important or good enough. Despite world rank as a technical genius, these worries often led him to delay called by men activities. This struggle is framed by the tension between Swartz’s feats of public achievement and his private inadequacies, painting a complex portrait of a man driven by anxieties and desires both.

Swartz used many different productivity methods in his desire to fight back against his procrastination. He followed the Getting Things Done (GTD) philosophy, which, among other things, aims to break projects into digestible bits. Still, Swartz would fall into cycles of avoidance, despite these mechanisms. His difficulties with productivity techniques expose a more fundamental fact: It’s difficult to manage one’s time, even for the brightest among us. Anyone who has struggled with the quandary of procrastination could stand to learn a lot from Swartz’s attempts to reconcile chaotic work habits with the formalized journeys we carve out for ourselves.

When Swartz was 26, he tragically took his own life in 2013 while being prosecuted for downloading articles from JSTOR, a publisher of academic articles, without authorization. His sudden death shocked the world, exposing the cost of his troubles with depression, procrastination and the burdens of activism. After his death, Swartz used the software he helped design and the open access ideas he passionately promoted to make meaningful contributions. Yet there’s a feeling of incompleteness — a monumental intelligence that bequeaths countless unfinished projects as well as amazing accomplishments.

Aaron Swartz’s story is not just one of genius; it’s one of duality. He fought daily against procrastination, confusion and distraction, and gave people a new way to communicate and consume massive amounts of information online. Through investigating how all of these aspects influenced his style of working, we can hopefully understand the fine line between productivity and procrastination. Swartz’s life refutes the common wisdom that procrastination is just a net negative; it may be a state of being that is a source of invention and creativity, simply in a disordered way. His legacy should remind us that those who struggle hardest to focus and wait can still change the world for the better.

Even with his ferocious inner divisions, Swartz was surrounded by a cohort of likeminded people who appreciated his gift and agreed with his goal. Mentorships were pivotal throughout his life as they provided him guidance and reassurance during periods of confusion and uncertainty. One was Lawrence Lessig, the Harvard law professor and free culture advocate. Lessig had recognized that same spirit in Swartz, a young genius whose ideals aligned with his own mission of democratizing information.

These connections were crucial for Swartz, because they served as outside stabilizers when his own focus slipped. Other times, his classmates’ high standards just made him more anxious, and that put him even deep into procrastination. Swartz’s friendships illustrate those ties between inspiration, pressure, and the life of a creative genius. His work on Reddit and RSS is collaborative, proof that mind like mine can work in the right environment.

Swartz’s activism was born of a heartfelt conviction that the public has a right to access knowledge freely and without restriction. His dedication to this cause compelled him to lead several high-profile initiatives. One was how he got involved in the fight against SOPA, a bill that would have severely restricted internet freedom. Swartz’s work in leading the charge against SOPA proved that he could overcome his chronic procrastination when he believed that basic freedoms were on the line.

It’s shocking to think that Swartz attacked activism like he did so much of his work: long stretches of inertia, followed by huge bursts of enthusiasm. He was famous for taking on work only when it was desperately needed and, when on assignment, for not taking breaks.

In many ways — putting off the action until the last minute — procrastination proved politically consequential; with it Swartz could mobilize supporters, campaigned for public support and mass demonstrations. And it was in the midst of that fight that SOPA would serve as the turning point for Internet history and the resounding time in Swartz’s legacy that showed us all that even inertia can be turned in to movement when a passion is involved.

As his profile grew, so too did the expectations placed upon him by the computer community, the public and — most importantly — himself. This stress often manifested as more procrastination because, of course, the failure scenario hung heavily across the screen. One reads Swartz’s diaries and sees a young man at perpetual war with his own competence, One, who by his own measure, can’t match up the idealized version of himself with the frustrations he has to deal with while going through life.

This directly related to his procrastination issues and how they impacted his mental health. Success then delays soon success then delays, only capturing the feelings of not being good enough, the ending irritation and ultimately the despair. Swartz’s death in 2013 revealed the pressure under which he was functioning both from the judicial system, and from within himself. And it’s a sobering reminder of the mental toll achievers — and especially those who, like her, struggle with self-doubt and procrastination — can sometimes face.

A strong moral compass guided Swartz throughout his life. His belief that knowledge must be free and accessible to everyone drove him to download millions of articles from JSTOR, among other things. He did this because he believed, quite provocatively, that institutions should not be able to shape information or hide it behind paywalls. But part of his crusade was to reveal a gulf between intentions and outcomes. He did not just become complacent and carry on doing things headlong, Swartz often held off from completing things or going through the motions in order to fine-tune his entire approach, to make sure that what he did was consistent with his views on the problem at hand.

For example, Swartz was an advocate for productivity and time management. He often meditated on the ethics of time management, challenging the true worth of antiquated measurements of productivity — hours worked, boxes checked. For Swartz, the act of delaying was as significant as the result. Time, he argued, was to be filled with things he decided, not just maximized. This perspective challenges accepted success by flipping the script on how to engage with what is seen as “idle” or “distraction” time, as a place for intellectual and inventive pondering.

Some of the most poignant details of Swartz’s life involve his unfinished projects at the time of his death. Swartz was involved in a swathe of projects, from the advocacy circles to tools/software, most of which went uncompleted. These incomplete projects also are a testament to his insatiable quest for understanding, and besides all polymaths procrastinate. They alert us to the fact that brilliance isn’t and never has been neat and linear: It’s fragmentary, always in the act of becoming.

All of these uncompleted projects aside, Swartz’s final work still haunts. In the decades since he died, the principles he championed — open access, free culture and the digital commons — have slowly gained momentum. The movements and organizations that have been inspired by Swartz’s ideas continue to work toward realizing his vision and demonstrating how a life taken too early can still influence generations.

The most important person in Aaron Swartz’s life story is a human being, complicated by intelligence and ambition and flaw. His journey had echoes of the struggles of anyone trying to achieve great things while fighting personal battles. It’s the in-betweens — the hours spent percolating, the false starts, the instances of creativity blocked, the freakish moments of brilliance — that renders Swartz’s story so engaging, as opposed to simply the peaks of creation or the troughs of despair.

By accepting both his talents and failings, Swartz gifted a legacy that was as much about the process as the product. His struggles with procrastination are a striking reminder that even the best minds are susceptible to uncertainty, procrastination and distraction. But it is this very difficulty that can bring about innovation and creativity and, ultimately, change.

So Aaron Swartz’s biography provides an alternative view of production, one that stands in stark contrast to the notion that output and efficiency should be the primary measure of success. Procrastination — which, when viewed through the prism of creativity and curiosity, can be a real engine of invention, as Swartz’s arc suggests. Anyone in the market for counsel on how to work through your own issues with managing time and mastering the self might find some of it in the way he navigates the frisson of lives snatched back from distraction and attention.

“At the end of the day, Swartz’s story teaches us that greatness doesn’t have to entail perfection. The instinct to procrastinate, for sure, is a human impulse, but one you can overcome — and one you can still use to revolutionize industries, fight for the issues you believe in and shape the world. Aaron Swartz didn’t leave technical genius behind, his legacy bears witness that, even if we’re hesitant and unsure, great things can still occur.

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